How It Works

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Naming Convention

• Intent: The parent action which contains ChainBatch(es)
• ChainBatch: For a specific chain, and has many Call(s)
• Call: Has to, data, and value parameters

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Process Flow

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What Actually Happens

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1. Action Submission

1. Validation: the API validates the action, its intents, and the chainAuthorizations
2. Storage: the action and its intents are persisted and assigned a tracking actionId
3. Solver hand-off: the intents are made available to the solver network
4. Response: returns the actionId for tracking

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2. Step Execution

1. Step lookup: retrieves the step by action id, intent index, and step index
2. Execution: performs the work for that step (checks, transactions)
3. Result capture: records results and any transaction hashes
4. Status: track progress with GET /actions/{actionId}/intents/{intentIndex}/steps/{stepIndex}

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Technical Implementation

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Intent Structure

interface Intent {
  intentId: string; // Signature of chainBatches
  chainBatches: ChainBatch[];
  status: "created" | "executing" | "success" | "error" | "reverted";
  steps: IntentStep[];
}

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Step Execution Model

interface IntentStep {
  stepId: number; // Index [0, n) in chainBatches array
  chainId: number; // Target chain for this step
  status: "created" | "executing" | "success" | "error" | "reverted";
  transactionHash?: string; // Hash if transaction was sent
  executionResult?: object; // Results of step execution
}

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Transaction Submit Request Structure

interface TransactionSubmitRequest {
  authorization: [
    {
      chainId: number;
      address: string;
      nonce: number;
      r: string; // ECDSA signature R value
      s: string; // ECDSA signature S value
      yParity: number; // ECDSA signature Y parity
    },
  ];
  intentAuthorization: {
    signature: string; // This becomes the intent ID
    chainBatches: ChainBatch[];
  };
}

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Key Concepts

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Intent ID Generation

• The intent ID is the signature of the chainBatches
• This approach is similar to Solana’s transaction ID system
• Provides a unique, deterministic identifier for each intent

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Step Index System

• Steps are indexed as integers: [0, n) where n = chainBatches.length
• Step 0 = first chain authorization, Step 1 = second, etc.
• Steps must be executed sequentially in order

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Authorization Array

• Multiple Authorizations: Can submit multiple EIP-7702 authorizations in a single transaction
• Cross-Chain Support: Each authorization can be for different chains or addresses
• Flexible Delegation: Supports complex multi-chain execution patterns

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Execution Model

• Active Execution: Calling the POST endpoint triggers actual work
• Unit of Work: Each step call performs one discrete operation
• Stateful: Execution state is persisted in the database
• Resumable: Failed or interrupted intents can be resumed

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Error Handling

• 400 Bad Request: Invalid transaction format, malformed parameters, or out-of-range step IDs
• 404 Not Found: Intent not found or step index exceeds available steps
• 500 Internal Server Error: Database errors, chain communication failures, or execution errors

// Example error response
{
  "success": false,
  "error": {
    "message": "Step execution failed: insufficient gas"
  }
}

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Data Persistence

• Database Storage: All intent data is persisted to database
• Reliable Execution: Steps can be retried if they fail
• Audit Trail: Complete execution history is maintained
• Recovery: System can recover from restarts without losing state

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Monitoring

• Database Logging: All operations are logged to database
• Execution Tracking: Detailed step-by-step execution results
• Transaction Hashes: All on-chain transactions are tracked
• Status Endpoints: Real-time status via API calls

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Use Cases

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Perp DEXes

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Money Markets

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AMMs